Publication Ethics

I. Responsibilities of Authors

1. Originality and Plagiarism
   Authors must ensure that the submitted work is original and has not been published elsewhere. Any form of plagiarism, including text, data, figures, or ideas, is unacceptable. Proper citation of others' work is required, adhering to academic citation standards.

2. Duplicate Submission
   Authors must not submit the same manuscript to multiple journals or publishers simultaneously. If the manuscript is under review elsewhere, authors must declare this at the time of submission.

3. Data Authenticity and Verifiability
   Authors must ensure the authenticity, integrity, and verifiability of research data. Data fabrication, falsification, or selective use of data to mislead readers constitutes serious academic misconduct.

4. Authorship and Contribution
   Authorship should accurately reflect individual contributions to the research. All individuals who have made significant contributions must be listed as authors. Adding or removing authors without consent is prohibited.

5. Conflict of Interest Disclosure
   Authors must disclose any potential conflicts of interest that could influence the research results or interpretation, including funding sources, institutional affiliations, or personal financial interests.

---

II. Responsibilities of Reviewers

1. Objectivity and Fairness
   Reviewers should evaluate manuscripts based on academic merit, avoiding bias due to personal preferences, competitive relationships, or other non-academic factors.

2. Confidentiality
   Reviewers must maintain strict confidentiality of the manuscript content and must not use or disseminate the information without authorization.

3. Conflict of Interest Avoidance
   If reviewers have conflicts of interest with the authors (e.g., collaborative or competitive relationships), they must declare these to the editor and recuse themselves from the review process.

---

III. Responsibilities of Editors

1. Fairness and Impartiality
   Editors must ensure the fairness of the manuscript review process, avoiding bias based on the author’s identity, institution, or nationality.

2. Confidentiality
   Editors must maintain the confidentiality of manuscript content and the review process, and must not disclose information to third parties without the author’s consent.

3. Conflict of Interest Management
   Editors should proactively avoid conflicts of interest that could compromise impartiality and, if necessary, transfer manuscript handling responsibilities to another editor.

4. Handling Academic Misconduct
   Editors are responsible for investigating suspected cases of plagiarism, data fabrication, duplicate submission, and other forms of academic misconduct, and taking appropriate actions.

---

IV. Responsibilities of the Publisher

1. Upholding Academic Integrity
   The publisher is responsible for investigating academic misconduct and taking appropriate measures, including retraction of articles or issuing correction statements.

2. Transparent Publishing Practices
   The publisher should clearly outline the publication process, review criteria, and fee policies to ensure transparency.

3. Long-term Preservation and Dissemination
   The publisher must ensure the long-term preservation and widespread dissemination of published works to promote academic exchange and knowledge sharing.

---

V. Handling Violations
For violations of these guidelines, the publisher will take appropriate measures based on the severity of the misconduct, including but not limited to:

• Retracting articles and notifying the author’s institution in cases of plagiarism or data fabrication;

• Rejecting manuscripts and restricting future submissions in cases of duplicate submission;

• Issuing correction statements or retracting articles in cases of undisclosed conflicts of interest;

• Disqualifying reviewers or editors involved in misconduct and making public declarations.